:root {
  --bg-color: #fff;
  --text-color: #2d3748;
  --text-secondary: #4a5568;
  --accent-color: #4a74b9;
  --accent-hover: #3a5c9e;
  --border-color: #e2e8f0;
  --shadow-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  --animation-offset: 3px;
  --transition-time: 0.3s;
}

body {
  font-family: 'Merriweather', Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--text-color);
  background-color: var(--bg-color);
  font-weight: 300;
}

/* Smooth scrolling for in-page navigation */
html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

/* Navigation specific tweaks */
nav ul li {
  list-style: none;
}

nav ul li a {
  display: inline-block;
}

header {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  position: relative; /* allow absolutely-positioned mobile nav to sit under header */
}

.header-content {
  flex: 1;
}

.header-image img {
  width: 180px;
  height: 180px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 2px solid var(--border-color);
  transition: transform var(--transition-time) ease, box-shadow var(--transition-time) ease;
}

.header-image img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.02);
  box-shadow: 0 5px 15px var(--shadow-color);
}

h1 {
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin: 1.75rem 0 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

/* Navigation */
nav {
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

/* Hide mobile nav toggle by default (show only in small viewports) */
.nav-toggle {
  display: none; /* hidden by default; shown with media query on small screens */
}

/* Ensure main nav is visible on wider screens */
nav#main-nav {
  display: block;
  z-index: 50;
}

nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

nav a, .social-links-header a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  transition: all var(--transition-time) ease;
  font-weight: 400;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

nav a:hover, .social-links-header a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  background-color: rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.08);
  transform: translateX(var(--animation-offset));
}

/* Active navigation link indicator */
nav a.nav-active, nav a.nav-active:hover {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-weight: 600;
  background-color: rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.12);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  transform: none; /* don't shift on active */
}

.social-links-header {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.2rem 0;
}

.social-links-header a i {
  margin-right: 0.4rem;
}

/* Unified animation for elements (not sections) */
.publication-item, .entry-item, .service-category, .misc-item, .news-list li {
  transition: transform var(--transition-time) ease;
}

.publication-item:hover, .entry-item:hover, 
.service-category:hover, .misc-item:hover, .news-list li:hover {
  transform: translateX(var(--animation-offset));
}

/* Section animation */
@keyframes fadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(var(--animation-offset));
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
}

section {
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  scroll-margin-top: 1rem;
  animation: fadeIn 0.8s ease-out;
  width: 100%;
}

/* Publication styles */
.publications-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.toggle-publications {
  background-color: rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.08);
  color: var(--accent-color);
  border: none;
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all var(--transition-time) ease;
}

.toggle-publications:hover {
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  color: white;
}

.publication-item {
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  display: flex;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.pub-thumbnail {
  width: 125px;
  height: 125px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  overflow: hidden;
  cursor: pointer;
  position: relative;
  border-radius: 6px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px var(--shadow-color);
}

.pub-thumbnail img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  transition: transform var(--transition-time) ease;
}

.pub-thumbnail:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.08);
}

.pub-content {
  flex: 1;
}

.pub-title {
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.pub-authors {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.highlight-name {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.pub-venue-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.pub-venue {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.pub-award {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #fff;
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  display: inline-block;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  white-space: nowrap;
  animation: pulse 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes pulse {
  0% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.4);
  }
  70% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(74, 116, 185, 0);
  }
  100% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(74, 116, 185, 0);
  }
}

.pub-links {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.pub-links a {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  transition: all var(--transition-time) ease;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background-color: rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.08);
}

.pub-links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background-color: var(--accent-color);
  transform: translateX(3px);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.2);
}

/* Generic entries section (used for education, experience, achievements) */
.entry-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.entry-date {
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--accent-color);
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

/* Grid container that ensures the date column is a fixed track sized by its largest content
   so all descriptions line up. We use max-content for the first column and allow the second
   column to take remaining space. */
.entries-list {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: max-content 1fr;
  gap: 0 1rem; /* vertical gap controlled by .entry-item margin; horizontal gap between columns */
}

/* When using grid, ensure each entry-item spans the grid row with the two columns */
.entries-list .entry-item {
  display: contents; /* allow children (entry-date, entry-desc) to participate in the grid */
}

/* Ensure entry-date and entry-desc align to grid tracks when inside .entries-list */
.entries-list .entry-date {
  grid-column: 1 / 2;
  padding-right: 0.5rem;
  display: inline-block;
  text-align: right;
}

.entries-list .entry-desc {
  grid-column: 2 / 3;
  padding-left: 0; /* no extra left padding; spacing comes from grid gap */
}

.entry-desc {
  padding-left: 1rem;
  flex: 1;
}

/* Primary role/degree emphasis */
.primary-role {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-color);
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.role-meta {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.summary {
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.compact-list {
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0.5rem 0;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.compact-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.entry-desc small {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
}

/* News section */
.news-container {
  max-height: 300px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  scrollbar-width: none;
  -ms-overflow-style: none;
}

.news-container::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none;
}

.news-list {
  padding-left: 0;
  list-style-type: none;
  margin: 0.5rem 0;
}

.news-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
  padding-left: 0.9rem;
  border-left: 2px solid rgba(74, 116, 185, 0.2);
  padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.news-list li:hover {
  border-left-color: var(--accent-color);
}

/* Services and misc */
.service-title {
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

.service-category p, .misc-item p {
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0.75rem;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  text-align: center;
}

/* Generic styles */
a {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition-time) ease;
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
}

em {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

ul {
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
}

p {
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.75rem;
}

strong {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--accent-color);
}

/* Modal styles */
.modal {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding-top: 100px;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);
  transition: opacity var(--transition-time);
  opacity: 0;
}

.modal.show {
  opacity: 1;
}

.modal-content {
  margin: auto;
  display: block;
  max-width: 85%;
  max-height: 85%;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
  animation: zoom var(--transition-time) ease-out;
}

@keyframes zoom {
  from {
    transform: scale(0.8);
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    transform: scale(1);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

.modal-close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 15px;
  right: 35px;
  color: #f1f1f1;
  font-size: 35px;
  font-weight: normal;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color var(--transition-time);
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.modal-close:hover {
  color: #fff;
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

/* Responsive design fixes */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Make header stack vertically on mobile */
  header {
    flex-direction: column-reverse;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  /* Mobile nav: hide full nav by default and show hamburger */
  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 0.4rem;
    margin: 0; /* remove center placement */
    position: absolute; /* place in header corner */
    top: 0.6rem;
    right: 0.6rem;
    z-index: 1100;
  }

  .nav-toggle:focus {
    outline: 2px solid rgba(74,116,185,0.25);
    outline-offset: 2px;
  }

  .hamburger,
  .hamburger::before,
  .hamburger::after {
    display: block;
    width: 22px;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--text-secondary);
    border-radius: 2px;
    position: relative;
    transition: transform 0.18s ease, opacity 0.18s ease;
  }

  .hamburger::before,
  .hamburger::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
  }

  .hamburger::before {
    top: -7px;
  }

  .hamburger::after {
    top: 7px;
  }

  /* Hide the nav by default on mobile */
  nav#main-nav {
    display: none;
    width: 100%;
  }

  /* When nav is open, show it */
  nav#main-nav.open {
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    /* place dropdown under hamburger in the top-right corner */
    top: calc(0.6rem + 2.2rem); /* hamburger top + approximate height */
    right: 0.6rem;
    width: auto;
    min-width: 160px;
    max-width: calc(100% - 1.2rem);
    background: var(--bg-color);
    padding: 0.4rem 0.25rem;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
    border-radius: 6px;
    overflow: hidden;
    z-index: 1100;
  }

  nav#main-nav ul {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }

  nav#main-nav a {
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
  }

  /* When hamburger toggled to open state, rotate lines into an X */
  .nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .hamburger {
    background-color: transparent;
  }

  .nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .hamburger::before {
    transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg);
  }

  .nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .hamburger::after {
    transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg);
  }

  /* Center social links on mobile */
  .social-links-header {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  /* Disable right-moving hover animations on mobile */
  .publication-item:hover, .entry-item:hover, 
  .service-category:hover, .misc-item:hover, .news-list li:hover,
  nav a:hover, .social-links-header a:hover, .pub-links a:hover {
    transform: none !important;
  }

  /* On narrow viewports use a stacked layout where the year sits above the description */
  .entries-list {
    display: block;
  }

  .entries-list .entry-date {
    text-align: left;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
  }

  .entries-list .entry-desc {
    padding-left: 1rem; /* restore some indent for readability on mobile */
  }
}